Florence Nightingale

Abstract On her close in 1910, Florence nightingale left a vast collection of reports, allowters, demeans and opposite write material. in that respect ar numerous progenys that fixate physical exertion of this material, often highlighting Florences place to a particular issue. In this paper we gather a effectuate of quotations and construct a dialogue with Florence nightingale on the subject of statistics. Our dialogue railroad ties direction to impregnable points of connection amid Florence nightingales delectation of statistics and modern evidence-based approaches to medicine and public health.We offer our dialogue as a memorable tr give up to exclude the attention of students to the key role of experiwork forcetal evidence in medicine and in the conduct of public affairs. 1. Introduction 1. 1 Who Was Florence Nightingale? Florence Nightingale (1820 1910), here afterwards referred to as FN, made peculiar use of her 90 years of heart. She was the second of two daughters, born(p) in England to wealthy and well-connected parents. There were varied religious influences. Her parents both came from a Unitarian religious tradition that punctuate deeds, not creeds.The family associated with the Church of England (Baly 1997b) when straitlacedty that FNs baffle had inherited brought with it parochial duties. A foster religious influence was her sponsorship with the Irish Sister Mary Clare Moore, the put togethering brag of the Roman Catholic Sisters of Mercy in Bermondsey, London. Her father supervised and took the major responsibleness for his daughters education, which include classical and modern langu epochs, hi chronicle, and philosophy. When she was 20 he arranged, at FNs insistence, tutoring in mathematics.These and new(prenominal) influences inculcated a strong genius of public duty, independence of mind, a roughshod intellectual honesty, a radical and irregular religious mysticism from which she found rest in her varied endeavours, and an unforgiving attitude both toward her own faults and toward those of others. At the age of 32, frust swand by her life as a gentlewoman, she found herself a berth as Superintendent of a infirmary for sick g overnesses. Addition bothy she cooperated with Sidney Herbert, a family friend who was by now a console table minister, in several surveys of infirmarys, examining defects in the operative conditions of nurses.On the stern of this and related experience she was chosen, in 1854, to maneuver up a fellowship of nurses who would work in the hospital in Scutari, nursing wounded soldiers from the newly stated Crimean war. Her energy and enthusiasm for her task, the publicity which the measure gave to her work, the high regard in which she was held by the soldiers, and a national appeal for a Nightingale fund that would be utilise to help micturate training for nurses, entirely contri muchovered to make FN a heroine.There was a considerable drop in mortali ty, from 43% of the patients iii months after she arrived in Scutari to 2% fourteen months later, that biographers watch often attributed to her work. Upon her return to England at the end of July 1856 FN become involved in a series of investigations that sought to establish the reason for the huge death rate during the first winter of the war in the Crimea. Theories on the immediate cause abounded was it short-handed food, overwork, lack of shelter, or bad hygienics?In preparation for a promised violet burster, she worked over the relevant entropy with Dr William Farr, who had the surname Superintendent of the Statistical Department in the Registrar-Generals Office. Farrs analysis persuaded her that the worst affects had been in Scutari, where overcrowding had added to the effect of low-down sanitation. Sewers had been blocked, and the camp around had been fouled with corpses and excrement, matters that were meliorate before the adopting winter. The major job had been s pecific to Scutari.FN did not have this nurture while she was in the Crimea. The data do however seem to have been readily available they were included in a report prepared by McNeill and Tulloch (1855). The hear of FNsvarious involvements, and perhaps residual effects from an indisposition that she had suffered while in the Crimea, in repayable course took their toll. A year after her return to England, she suffered a nervous breakdown, emergent from this referencel crisis with views that were often signally contrary from those that she had held earlier.Of particular interest is a convert from her demand that nurses should follow to the letter instruction manual from doctors, to her view that nurses ought, within their proper bailiwick of responsibility, to make their own autonomous judgments. nonaged (1998, pp. 119 127, 178) has extensive and perhaps overly high-risk comment on the reasons for the nervous breakdown, and an interest analysis of ways in which her view s changed. The data that showed that the high mortality was specific to Scutari were included in FNs 1858 report, but omitted from the 1857-1858 purplish Commission report.It was feared that continuing and acrimonious attempts to accord blame would jeopardise ongoing efforts at army reform. FN, unhappy at this inhibition of her evidence, sent copies of her report to a second of carefully chosen recipients, each term with instructions to keep it confidential. One of the recipients was the freethinking popular journalist Harriet Martineau. With FNs help, she wrote a book (Martinueau 1859), ostensibly based on information from public documents but development FNs confidential report for surplus background information, that gave the facts as FN understood them.FNs biographers, perhaps relying too much on official documents, have not until deep been mindful of these nuances. See handsome (1998, p. 198 200) for march on discussion is one of the first to prize them. A comprehe nsive biography of FN, that pull up s fritter aways do justice to the wide-ranging sympathies and interests of this remarkable woman and show how her views changed and developed over time, has yet to be written. Small (see the note on his web localize) and Baly (1997b, pp. 1-19) both draw attention to inaccuracies in earlier biographical accounts.Vicinus and Nergaard (1989) have much carefully put down biographical information. Among the numerous web sites that have material on FN note C. J. McDonald (2001) who emphasises connections between Nightingale and the experiences of soldiers in the Vietnam War L. McDonald (2002) who is lead story a project to publish all Nightingales writings and Small (1998). Smalls web site has the data (from Nightingale 1858) that the Royal Commission suppressed. 1. 2 Hospitals and Hospital Nursing FN had remarkably radical views on hospitals and on hospital nursing. Both in 860 and in 1876, she describes hospitals (Baly 1997b, p. 25 Nightingale 18 76) as an intermediate percentage point of civilisation. In 1867 she wrote (Baly 1997b, p. 21) my view you know is that the eventual(prenominal) destination is the nursing of the sick in their own homes. I look to the abolishment of all hospitals and workhouse infirmaries. But it is no use to talk ab kayoed the year 2000. accordant with these views, FNs Notes on Nursing (1859) are not intended as a manual to teach nurses to nurse, but are meant simply to give hints for eyeshot to women who have personal charge of the health of others. It may thus seem dry that, in her work with the Nightingale fund, FN was late involved in the development of hospital nursing training. She opposed the British Nurses links 1890 proposals to make nursing into an sure profession (Baly 1997b, pp. 184-196). She noted that there was no widespread agreement on what make up an adequate training or what the stripped qualification should be, and argued that a much monthlong experience was needed before a register could be contemplated. The qualities that were required in nurses were not amenable to test by public examination.FN did however see an great role for women medical masters. She wanted women to take leading roles in midwifery and in the diseases of women and children, and to be as well or check trained for these tasks as the men who at that time had a professional monopoly. It was her view that There is a better thing than devising women into medical men, and that is making them into medical women (Nightingale 1871). She looked to a time when, as had happened in France, women would be professors of midwifery.She set out the immediate steps that she thought would surpass achieve that end. FN worked relentlessly for reform, in the army, in the hospitals, and in public health. She was meticulous in researching the reforms that she proposed. Where, as often, data were unavailable or inadequate, she pressed for their collection. Data inadequacies are strong themes in her Notes on Hospitals and in her introductory Notes on Lying-In Institutions, i. e. , on gestation period institutions. She made strong, consistent and carefully argued cases for instruct and data-based public decision-making.This is not to study that FN was always correct in her judgments. In her next to final contribution to the dialogue, FN comments on a controversy that erupted following the publication of the third edition of her Notes on Hospitals. Her use of the term mortality percent for deaths per ascorbic acid beds per day, which she copied from Farrs report as Registrar-General, was unfortunate. As she seems to play a page later in the Notes, these figures were not a solid basis for comparing the sanitary states of different hospitals.Florence NightingaleI was really moved when Dr. Howe advise Florence that If you have a passion, the nevertheless way to satisfy it is to pursue it. Yes, you impart only be satisfied in your life when you pursue your passion on something because if not, you will only regret it and in the end you werent able to help other people as well as yourself. Florence really did not neglect immortals call to her and this really demo the passionate side of her. Thanks to Dr. Howe, she found out that nursing is really her calling.I also admired Florences object when she rejected Mr. Milnes and preferred to concentrate on her career. For me, to have a passion the uniform as her, marriage would really substitute with her ability to follow her calling. This is because it would really be difficult for Florence to manage a family when she is emphatically drawn into helping other people. Florence is a good leader because she is understanding to the other nurses and all of them will really follow her orders.She is smart and knowledgeable in the proper health care. Florence has that magic in improve and also she has a strong persona when she is dealing with dying patients. Furthermore, who knew how much disadvantage there was against nurses before? It was really a terrible prejudice, considering nurses as little more than hangers-on and the prejudice in the army was shocking. The head doctors would prefer to see soldiers die than let the nurses trained by Florence work in the military hospitals.Compared to nowadays, nurses are really prise and honoured because of the love and care they give to their patients. It is good to be reminded of the damages prejudice raise cause and just how powerful it is as a social force The pack was outstanding for me. The portrayal and the flow of the story were good. Jaclyn Smith was very good as Florence Nightingale. And the film really showed the complete detail of Florence Nightingales works in the field of nursing.