Critical Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell - 1257 Words

1984 by George Orwell sets the overall eerie tone of the book early on. â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† (Orwell 3). In the book this was the statement was put on a poster of big brothers face. Firstly this is an example of metonymy. In the statement the term â€Å"BIG BROTHER† isn’t referring to how big brother very closely related to the thought police. The thought police is the organization that monitors the inner and outer party members. Secondly this can be looked through a postmodernist lens as the consequence of advancing technologies and technoculture. In the Airstrip One which is 1984’s dystopian version of london. Which has been pledged with the plight, that is, advance technologies. There are â€Å"telescreens† on over Airstrip One. these†¦show more content†¦Instead it uses two words that aren’t typically considered related. This is why this is an example of contrast. Secondly, this can be viewed through a marxist persp ective. 1984 is a book that describes a perfect/near marxist society. In Oceania capitalism has been in a why outlawed, instead everything is provided by the party this can be seen through the various products used by our protagonist, â€Å"victory gin† (Orwell 7) and â€Å"victory cigarettes† (Orwell 8) are just a few examples of government nationalized goods. Karl Marx once asked â€Å"How can people be free?† Marx suggested that we are restrained because we have so many needs [we need] to fulfil (â€Å"Karl...†). Oceania addresses this concern presented by Marx with a totalitarian government. The totalitarian government controls all aspects of its citizens basic needs which is an ideal society in terms of marxism. The problem 1984 explores is what a totalitarian government may (or may not) do in order to keep its power. Thirdly further explains Winston s dislike of the government, throughout the book, the party, talks about a war with the on of the two other super states eastasia and eurasia. In the beginning of the book the party tells its citizens (and us the reader) that they have a peace agreement with Eurasia and are at war with Eastasia but later we are told that the tables have turned and instead of telling the public that Eurasia is the new enemy, they in a way rewriteShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis and Evaluation of 1984, by George Orwell.1487 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell 1984 The New American Library Copyright 1961 George Orwell George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Blair, was born in Bengal, India, in 1903. When he was eight years old, as it was customary, his mother brought him back to England to be educated. He was sent to a boarding school on the south coast, a school whose students were sons of the upper class. He was allowed in with lower tuition and not being from a wealthy background, he was subject to snobbery of the others at the schoolRead MoreThe Party’s Attitude Toward Love and Sexuality1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Party’s attitude toward love and sexuality 1984 is a novel written by George Orwell, the main theme of the novel is about how totalitarian society can control every aspect of a person thought, sexuality and action. Totalitarianism can be define as a repressive one-party that has total control over people thoughts and actions. In 1984, people are being control totally by the Party through device such as the telescreen. People are stripped away from their freedom to do things that they want.Read MoreA Literary Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell721 Words   |  3 Pages The essay your about to read is a literary analysis of the book â€Å"1984 by George Orwell† it was written in 1948 as a thriller. Winston Smith is the main character of this story followed by two characters â€Å"Julia and O’Brien.† The book starts off with main character Winston being very frustrated with what is called the â€Å"Party† lead by a man named â€Å"Big Brother† hints the saying â€Å"big brother is watching you† from â€Å"George Orwells worst fear† stated by express.co.uk. the book takes you for a rideRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984848 Words   |  4 Pages Critical Analysis In the George Orwell’s novel 1984, much of the society is watched and have no privacy of any kind. Every person in the Party is under surveillance. In effect, these people cannot live freely and independently, but it seems to be an impossible task because of of the Party surveillance, and how they limit thinking and manipulate reality. We can similarly see these concerns and their effects in today s society and the ways the novel also acts as a warning for the future. In 1984Read MoreThe s Best Known Works Are? Politics And The English Language?3044 Words   |  13 PagesTwo of George Orwell?s best known works are ?Politics and the English Language? and 1984. In ?Politics and the English Language,? he points out many of the issues with the modern writings of his time, which are still problems today. Nineteen Eighty-Four focuses on the push of totalitarian rule by the government. Orwell?s ideas have been seen before, but he is considered to have presented them in one of the best ways that is still influential today. The decay of society as portrayed in George OrwellRead MoreStereotyped Women in George Orwells 19841232 Words   |  5 PagesOrwell only succeeds in creating stereotyped representations of women in his novel ‘1984’. Discuss. In George Orwell’s ‘1984’ he patronises the women he creates as we see an insight into the weaker sex who are often degraded with humiliating names and vulnerability. Orwell stereotypes the female characters, which reflects his somewhat limited view of women and their important role ion society. He creates a problem in the way that masculinity and femininity lose all value in the totalitarian stateRead MoreNineteen Eighty Four By George Orwell Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review for Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell Jason Lee December 12, 2015 SECTION A Date published June 8, 1949 City where published London, England Publisher Secker Warburg Number of pages 267 SECTION B Summary of your book (key details only...address the beginning, middle, and end of the book) Nineteen Eighty-Four takes place in the fictional nationRead More Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes4636 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwells Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of authors life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. ChapterRead MoreThe Dystopia By George Orwell2154 Words   |  9 PagesThe dystopia depicted in 1984 is a direct result of author George Orwell’s exposure to the oppressive regimes of his day. At the time of Orwell’s composition of the novel, authoritarian governments of the 1940s posed a real and dangerous threat to the free citizens of Europe. Much of what he saw in the Nazi and communist regimes inspired the Party, the government of Oceania, in his text 1984. The text argues that the effectiveness of an authoritarian regime depends on its ability to dehumanize itsRead MoreTechnological Advances in Analytics and Mobility: Positive and Negative Aspects of Technology871 Words   |  3 Pagesethical standards, is critical for the personal freedoms of the public (Martin, Freeman, 2004). Analysis of the Ethical Implications of Technological Innovation The benefits of increased analytics and mobility technologies has made the lives of millions of people globally richer, more productive and for many, created entirely new ways of making a living. Analytics have given medical researchers the ability to find trends and insights in data sets that had defied analysis in the past. Advanced

Female Images in Taoism free essay sample

This is a paper that looks at the many different female images in Taoism. It looks at what they are and the importance they have to the religion as a whole. This paper discusses the religion Taoism, and the connection females have to the religion. Taoism is not necessarily a feminine religion, but females feel a close connection to the religion due to its female imagery, females goddesses and methods of enlightenment for females. The presence of feminine elements in Taoism is sweeping, and these elements have influenced the participation of women in this particular religious movement. The use of this female imagery gives women, and the qualities associated with them, a favored status in this religion. However, just because Taoism does value such qualities as softness and fluidity, usually associated with the feminine, does not mean that it favors a feminine model or can be seen a stronghold of feminism. We will write a custom essay sample on Female Images in Taoism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rather, it allows for a greater acceptance of women into the religion, and an easier relation between the woman and her religion.

Humanities Midterm Complete Essays - Deities, Mythology,

Griggs Hum 1- Midterm The Power of the Gods It's no surprise that Greek Gods and goddesses had such a major impact in the lives of early man. There was just about a god for everything in life. A god of the ocean, god of love, and even a god of wine. Anything that was beyond human control was left in the hands of the gods. Stories to explain natural phenomenon were plentiful and served to teach lessons about avoiding the troubles of life and what the consequences were for those that did not listen to the warnings. These gods and goddesses were so influential that their reaches were even adopted by the Roman Empire when the empire conquered Greece. In my opinion, the two gods that had the most influence on people were Zeus/ Jupitar and Apollo. Zeus/Jupitar was the god of thunder but more importantly the "king of gods" as he was regarded as the father of men and gods. His role was to uphold order and justice in the world. He was often represented as the symbol of power and absolute justice. His likeness in paintings and statues was that of a strong, older, mature man often boasting his strength. To the early Greeks, Zeus was not to be trifled with as he was often associated with stormy weather such as heavy rain, winds, and lightning storms. This was attributed to his easily upsetting attitude and great anger when provoked. In terms of everyday life, his role would've been to influence people to do the right thing as doing some mischievous could provoke the "wrath of Zeus". People's good deeds would be rewarded with good fortune and bad actions would be punished. I believe that Zeus is important because his likeness could very easily be used to strike fear in people and get them to do whatever you wish. As everyone was superstitious as well, it would not be farfetch'd to believe that polytheism was often manipulated for power. But to the common man, his anger alone causing storms could be also interpreted as Zeus/Jupitar being upset at the gods as well as this was a very common occurrence in Greek mythology. Greek polytheism was based on the notion of stories to explain the occurrence of natural events in everyday life. The gods and goddesses had very complex relationships that explained why things would happen. Zeus was often a pivotal character in these stories. One such story explained that his father Cronus was afraid that one of his children would revolt against him, so in order to avoid this prophecy Cronus would eat all his children. When it came time for Zeus's turn, his mother Rhea tricked Cronus into eating a stone which he though was Zeus. After being nurtured to health by nymphs until he was man, Zeus eventually defeated his father with the help of Poseidon and Hades also tricked Cronus into freeing his other siblings. This origin explains how the gods divided the world into 3 major separate parts which were ocean, sky, and underworld. It also displays Zeus's strength and leadership as through his order the new gods defeated Cronus and his titans to rule Olympus. Afte r their 10-year war, it was unanimously agreed amongst the gods that Zeus would be their leader. This tale served to teach Greeks how the hierarchy of the gods was formed and how their roles were assigned. By humanizing the gods, it brings them closer to our understanding. The gods were highly regarded but were also capable of making mistakes such as Zeus and his numerous affairs with different humans and goddesses. By doing this the humans could learn from their mistakes and respect the gods for their decisions in life. Because even if the most noble and powerful leader of the gods makes a mistake and learns from it, humans could do so to albeit on a smaller scale. Another god that was highly regarded in Greek culture and life was Apollo, son of Zeus and Leto, the god of music, medicine and the sun. Apollo was responsible for a lot of things that persisted in everyday life. First, he oversaw the sun which was crucial for

Free Essays on Art And Science Of Teaching

is a physical expression one uses as an outlet to define a part of them. Science- is a way of acquiring knowledge. To do science, one must follow a specific universal methodology. The central theme in this methodology is the testing of hypotheses and the ability to make predictions. The overall goal of science is to better understand nature and our Universe.(Physical Geography.net 2004) Science while it does involve some creativity is a more general ‘the study of something’. It is furthering ones knowledge of something by means of dissection, experimentation and continued questioning. Science is our way of defining life. It is the underlying basis for all things. Humans like to be able to prove everything, and science is the means to an end. There are still many things that cannot be proven, and remain rhetorical. This is where there are different theories open for discussion, and perhaps where a bit of art comes in. In any case a definite cause for argument. If science c... Free Essays on Art And Science Of Teaching Free Essays on Art And Science Of Teaching The Art and Science of Teaching What is behind the art and science of teaching? These two almost opposing subjects come together to form the basis of just about anything. You think left brain, right brain; I am good at math and bad at drawing, blah blah blah. Somewhere in my past I was told you are one or the other, so from that moment on, I just never thought of them being components of each other. When in reality they are each other. There is always an art as well as a science to everything. Art- the products of human creativity; works of art collectively; an art exhibition; a fine collection of art. (Princeton 2004). Human creativity is what keeps us moving in different directions. If there was no creativity anywhere we would probably still be clothed in loincloths, hunting and gathering and what have you. No one would have ever thought to start a fire, create the wheel, plant a garden, move society in a forwardish direction. Art in my own words is a physical expression one uses as an outlet to define a part of them. Science- is a way of acquiring knowledge. To do science, one must follow a specific universal methodology. The central theme in this methodology is the testing of hypotheses and the ability to make predictions. The overall goal of science is to better understand nature and our Universe.(Physical Geography.net 2004) Science while it does involve some creativity is a more general ‘the study of something’. It is furthering ones knowledge of something by means of dissection, experimentation and continued questioning. Science is our way of defining life. It is the underlying basis for all things. Humans like to be able to prove everything, and science is the means to an end. There are still many things that cannot be proven, and remain rhetorical. This is where there are different theories open for discussion, and perhaps where a bit of art comes in. In any case a definite cause for argument. If science c... Free Essays on Art And Science Of Teaching The Art & Science of Teaching Teaching is a complex endeavor that has two core traits that would appear to contradict each other. Teaching has methods, procedures, formulas, and systems. It also has results that are predictable and quantifiable. This is the scientific trait of teaching. Science is an objective method of knowledge that requires developing verifiable results through repetition and from facts. On the other hand, teaching is a creative act that involves surprises and creative efforts. It has reactions based on intuitive responses on a moment-to-moment basis. This is the artistic trait of teaching. Art is a subjective expression of something fresh and a spontaneous reaction from the mind and spirit. Each system of knowledge and expression, art and science, has completely different means to reach a goal, therefore, how can teaching be both? Teaching is a craft that has many different aspects. Some of those parts can be studied and result in definitive answers and methods. Approaches that can be used to predetermine what the end result will be, what works, and what gains and benefits should be expected. Yet, teaching involves other elements resulting from interactions between people and the unpredictability that follows. Challenges that require a teacher to improvise as best he or she can. It is worthwhile to compare some of the different aspects and elements that help exemplify how teaching is a combination of art and science. Three particular factors of teaching can be used to illustrate how it has characteristics of art and science. They are classroom management, lesson plans, and learning styles. Each has been investigated and resulted in concrete techniques for what is required for effective teaching. Classroom management is the ways and means a teacher uses to efficiently direct their classroom. Ideally it is a preventive and proactive activity as opposed to reactive and passive. Acco...

Lecture summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lecture summary - Essay Example A complete shutdown of such activity is not recommended but there sure is space to carry out such activities in line with conservation of the forests and ecosystems. Luckily, small sized forests that are not considered for major cultivation, hence, are conserved. A way to address this issue is to cultivate coffee on shade-grown farms. There are many added advantages for such cultivation. Firstly, it delivers a long list of forest products. These products include fruits. Medicines and lumber apart from coffee. Shade grown coffee farms not only address social and economic need, but also meet a large list of ecological essentials. Forest covers are maintained with the use of shade grown coffee and it minimizes erosion when compared to other coffee cultivating methods and agricultural systems. The leading examples being pasture for cattle grazing and sun coffee. Agro forestry provides a natural habitat to many birds. It is believed that birds not only reduce pest but also enhances its quality by bringing the damage to a minimum level. The retention of nutrients and the chemistry of the soil also has a great impact of the quality of coffee produced. Around 5- 10% of the retail price of coffee goes to the farmers while the most coffee growing areas are 50 developing nations of the world. The corporate sector sector controls most of the coffee cultivation and around two fifth of the coffee market is controlled by big corporates giants such as Nestle, Sara Lee, Kraft and P & G. Theses corporate giants are also responsible for controlling more than three quarters of the US coffee market. Farmers in areas like Gautemala are paid extremely low for picking coffee berries. On a average $2.50 is paid for picking 100 pounds of coffee berries. Hence, fair trade policies are essential and should be

Science Development and Computers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science Development and Computers - Coursework Example This paper would also supplement to entailing the ethical reasons behind making use of computers as fast paced humanoids and also shedding some insight on the much growing artificial intelligence in the world today. Conclusively it might be imperative to reason out the differences in the working of a human brain in retrospect to a central processing unit and how both these entities are in effect the working of the same principal thinking. Science developments and computers With the rapid growth in the information technology industry it is an ever so imperative fact that fast and reliable data transfers are the key to enterprise success in the upcoming future. While organizations battle out for the highest gains and profits, all it comes down in the end is to the fact that which company pertains to the fastest solutions and outputs, whereas this being the age of the integrated technological advancements it is no wonder that a lot has been researched for necessitating new methods and w ays of providing fast data transfer and processing techniques. Before lunging into the technical specification of when and how an industry can optimize its information technological feats it is profoundly imperative that we seek the reasoning and logic behind as to what causes an uplift in most technological advancements. ... With time we have seen that those IBM personal computers have been effectively reduced into mere handheld smartphones today having more than four times the amount of memory and processing speed those early vintage personal computers could potentially offer. With this type of an increasing change in trend and usage we can establish the datum that size of the object has significantly affected the experience these computers provide today and with specification from the study of material science it can duly be distinguished that ascertaining to the working size in a technological development makes way to a much compacter solution to the same specifications while sometimes working on molecular level can yield great optimizing results. With such reasoning we can surly address that the three things imperatively necessary to influence any sort of material and integrated source are firstly the kind of atoms that embed the structure for example the use of silicon atoms as opposed to copper one s idealize the functionality of a microchip while subsequently how these particular atoms are bonded and arranged are the preceding qualities that are in close check with computational hardware development. The reactivity, density and malleability are also features that ascertain a physical influencing change but on a more fundamental aspect of modeling hardware the atomic size structure and behavior are the key material things that effectively model a wiser choice of technology. Coming back to the usage of silicon and how fast this tech seems to cater have fundamentally establishes that the developments in Silicon technology and the express

Understanding Gender Based Violence Sociology Essay

Understanding Gender Based Violence Sociology Essay Gender-based violence both reflects and reinforces inequities between men and women and compromises the health, self-respect, safety and sovereignty of its victims. It encompasses an extensive assortment of human rights violations, including sexual exploitation of children, rape, home brutality, sexual battering and harassment, trafficking of women and girls and numerous detrimental customary practices. Any one of these abuses can leave profound mental scars, damage the wellbeing of women and girls in common, including their reproductive and sexual health, and in some instances, results in death. Violence against women has been called the most insidious yet slightest renowned human rights oppression in the globe, and is a demonstration of historically uneven supremacy dealings between men and women, which have led to dominance over and inequity against women by men and to the hindrance of the complete progression of women, that cruelty against women is one of the critical social mech anisms by which women are compelled into a subsidiary position compared with men. Around the world, as many as one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or maltreated in some other approach most frequently by someone she knows, including by her spouse or another male relatives; one woman in four has been ill-treated during pregnancy. Violence against women mutually violates and impairs or nullifies the gratification by women of their human rights and elementary freedoms. In all societies, to a superior or minor extent, women and girls are subjected to corporal, sexual and mental violence that cuts across ranks of earnings, class and customs. This is a subject which endangers womens lives, bodies, mental uprightness and autonomy. Violence may have reflective effects, both direct and indirect, on a womans reproductive health, including: unnecessary pregnancies and limited admittance to family planning information and contraceptives, treacherous abortion or injuries unremitting throughout a lawful abortion subsequent to an unwanted pregnancy, compl ications from recurrent, high-risk pregnancies and lack of follow-up care, sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, continual gynecological problems as well as mental tribulations. Gender-based violence also serves by purpose or outcome to perpetuate male authority and control. It is sustained by a custom of silence and denunciation of the significance of the health penalty of violence. In addition to the impairment they exact on the individual stage, these outcomes also exact a communal duty and position an intense and needless yoke on health services. According to Murphy and Ringheim, four factors have been constantly linked with violent behavior: norms of male privilege and possession of women; male supervision of possessions in the family; male execution of decision-making in the family; and concepts of masculinity attached to supremacy and nobility (2001). Moreover, UNFPA recognizes that violence against women is inextricably linked to gender-based inequalities. When women and girls are anticipated to be generally submissive, their conduct in relation to their health, together with reproductive health, is unenthusiastically affected at all stages of the life cycle. When investigating the extenuating conditions lack of resources, education, healthcare and the sex trade, we find great and competent relations, and understand that these factors enable the perseverance of this phenomenon. The pervasiveness of home violence in a given society, thus, is the outcome of implicit reception by that society. The way men analyze themselves as men, and the way they think of women, will verify whether they use aggression or intimidation against women. Studies of very young boys and girls show that even though boys may have an inferior acceptance for annoyance, and an inclination towards rough-and-tumble play, these tendencies are dwarfed by the magnitude of male socialization and peer demands into masculinity roles. UNFPA recognizes that ending gender-based violence will mean changing cultural concepts about masculinity, and that procedure should dynamically appoint men, whether they are strategy makers, parents, spouses or little boys. Cross-cultural studies of wife abuse have found that nearly a fifth of peasant and small-scale societies are essentially free of family violence. The existence of such cultures proves that male violence against women is not the inevitable result of male biology or sexuality, but more a matter of how society views masculinity. Most domestic violence involves male anger directed against their women partners. This gender difference appears to be rooted in the way boys and men are socialized biological factors do not seem to account for the dramatic differences in behavior in this regard between men and women. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to gender-based violence. Some husbands become more violent during the wifes pregnancy, even kicking or hitting their wives in the belly. These women run twice the risk of miscarriage and four times the risk of having a low birth-weight baby. Looking at the pprevalence of and reasons for domestic violence among women from low socioeconomic communities of Karachi, cross-sectional study were conducted to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence and identify the reasons for it among 400 married women aged 15-45 years in low socioeconomic areas in urban Karachi. Data were collected with a pretested questionnaire. The prevalence of verbal abuse was 97.5% by the husband and 97.0% by the in-laws; the prevalence of physical abuse was 80.0% and 57.5% by the husband and in-laws respectively. Financial issues were the commonest reason for domestic violence followed by infertility and not having a son. The prevalence of domestic violence in this sample of women is high. There is a need to address this problem with efforts from health workers, policy-makers, nongovernmental organizations and others (Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2007). The majority of sexual assault victims are young. Women in positions of abject dependence on male authorities are also particularly subject to unwanted sexual coercion. Rape in time of war is still common. It has been extensively documented in recent civil conflicts, and has been used systematically as an instrument of torture or ethnic domination. Now, with precedents set at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, in Tanzania, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, at The Hague, for mass rape, other acts such as sexual assault, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced sterilization, forced abortion, and forced pregnancy may qualify as crimes of torture, crimes against humanity, and even some as crimes of genocide. This vicious cycle of development, identity and gender-based violence in fact explains the empirical evidence of the association between gender based violence and poverty, the individual risk factors of alcohol and substance abuse, ma le unemployment, male educational status and childhood experience of violence. Poverty, lack of education and lack of healthcare increases both vulnerability and the likelihood of exposure to gender based violence. There has also been the prevalence of the sex trade among women as a means of earning income which ultimately has unbearable the consequences on its workers and on women in general. The objectification of women is also a pressing issue that cannot be ignored. Violence, and womens fear of it, limits womens choices in virtually all spheres of life. It has long-term, as well as short-term consequences on womens physical and emotional well-being. It detrimentally affects womens ability to gain an education, earn a livelihood, develop human relationships and participate in public activities, including development programmes. There are different types of problems all over the world that women face, from the wealthiest countries to the poorest. In many countries, women are not entitled to own property or inherit land. Social exclusion, honor killings, female genital mutilation, trafficking, restricted mobility and early marriage among others, deny the right to health to women and girls and increase illness and death throughout the life-course. It will remain difficult for us to see sustainable progress unless we fix failures in health systems and society so that girls and women enjoy equal access to health information and services, education, em ployment and political positions. Reports by UNICEF, State of the Worlds Children, state that reasons for such disparity include the fact that women are generally underpaid and because they often perform low-status jobs, compared to men. UNICEF notes that the data isnt always perfect, and that generalizations such as the above can hide wider fluctuations. In Brazil, for example, women under the age of 25 earn a higher average hourly wage than their male counterparts. (p.39)Women not only earn less than men but also tend to own fewer assets. Smaller salaries and less control over household income constrain their ability to accumulate capital. Gender biases in property and inheritance laws and in other channels of acquiring assets also leave women and children at greater risk of poverty. Paid employment for women does not automatically lead to better outcomes for children. Factors such as the amount of time women spend working outside the household, the conditions under which they are employed and who controls the income they generate determine how the work undertaken by women in the labor market affects their own well-being and that of children (2007, p.36). Moreover, according to the United Nations, in no country in the world do men come anywhere close to women in the amount of time spent in housework. Furthermore, despite the efforts of feminist movements, women in the core [wealthiest, Western countries] still suffer disproportionately, leading to what sociologists refer to as the feminization of poverty, where two out of every three poor adults are women. The informal slogan of the Decade of Women became Women do two-thirds of the worlds work, receive 10 percent of the worlds income and own 1 percent of the means of production (Robbins 1999, p.354). Historically, economic recessions have placed a disproportionate burden on women. Women are more likely than men to be in vulnerable jobs, to be under-employed or without a job, to lack social protection, and to have limited access to and control over economic and financial resources. Policy responses to the financial crisis must take gender equality perspectives into account to ensure, for example, that women as well as men can benefit from employment creation and investments in social infrastructure. According to the Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2009, The economic and financial crisis puts a disproportionate burden on women, who are often concentrated in vulnerable employment, are more likely to be unemployed than men, tend to have lower unemployment and social security benefits, and have unequal access to and control over economic and financial resources. International statistics of the International Labor Organization showed that The economic crisis is expected to in crease the number of unemployed women by up to 22 million in 2009, the International Labor Office (ILO) says in its annual Global Employment Trends for Women report (GET), adding that the global jobs crisis is expected to worsen sharply with the deepening of the recession in 2009. In most societies, rape and domestic violence have on occasion provoked public outrage, but it has been left to womens organizations and movements to take more concerted action. The North does not have all the answers to this problem as gender-based violence is very much in existence in the developed world. Because gender-based violence is sustained by silence, womens voices must be heard. UNFPA puts every effort into enabling women to speak out against gender-based violence, and to get help when they are victims of it. The Fund is also committed to keeping gender-based violence in the spotlight as a major health and human rights concern. Another fascinating fact is that gender based violence is rampant in developed counties as compared to the developing countries. For instance, in a place like the U.S, despite the fact that advocacy groups like National Organization for Women (NOW) have worked for two decades to halt the epidemic of gender-based violence and sexual assault, the numb ers are still shocking. Murder, Intimate Partner Violence or Battering, sexual violence and assault are common phenomena. To the astonishment of most women across the globe, there is such a low conviction rate in gender-based violence cases, women are not believed by men and apparently even by fellow women. The judiciary imposes light sentences on such cases and even to some they are released on very modest bail or a mere warning. UNFPA advocates for legislative reform and enforcement of laws for the promotion and the protection of womens rights to reproductive health choices and informed consent, including promotion of womens awareness of laws , regulations and policies that affect their rights and responsibilities in family life. The Fund promotes zero tolerance of all forms of violence against women and works for the eradication of traditional practices that are harmful to womens reproductive and sexual health, such as rituals associated with puberty. Possible victims have been offered legal, medical and psychological support, and medical referrals when necessary. Attention has been paid to involving communities, and to creating support networks for gender-based violence victims that include both police and health-care providers, along with counseling services. UNFPA has also held workshops for health providers on recognizing the effects of gender-based violence on womens health, and on how to detect and prevent abuse and assist victims. These have stressed the need for confidentiality and monitoring. This body has also strengthening advocacy on gender-based violence in all country programmes, in conjunction with other United Nations partners and NGOs as well as advocating for women with parliamentarians and womens national networks. There have been strategies to counter violence against women and support the survivors. Case studies come from times of peace and times of armed conflict. Sections suggest strategies for transforming attitudes and beliefs in different societies that condone such violence, for supporting individual survivors, and to ensure that governments and NGOs fulfill their duty to protect woman. Womens rights around the world are an important indicator to understand global well-being. A major global womens rights treaty was ratified by the majority of the worlds nations a few decades ago. Yet, despite many successes in empowering women, numerous issues still exist in all areas of life, ranging from the cultural, political to the economic. For example, women often work more than men, yet are paid less; gender discrimination affects girls and women throughout their lifetime; and women and girls are often are the ones that suffer the most poverty. Many may think that womens rights are only an issue in countries where religion is law, such as many Muslim countries. Or even worse, some may think this is no longer an issue at all. But reading this report about the United Nations Womens Treaty and how an increasing number of countries are lodging reservations, will show otherwise. Gender equality furthers the cause of child survival and development for all of society, so the importance of womens rights and gender equality should not be underestimated. As part of its work to counter gender-based violence, UNFPA has supported training of medical professionals, to make them more sensitive towards women who may have experienced violence and to meet their health needs. Governments are not living up to their promises under the Womens Convention to protect women from discrimination and violence such as rape and female genital mutilation. There are many governments who have also not ratified the Convention, including the U.S. Many countries that have ratified it do so with many reservations. Gender equality and the well-being of children go hand in hand since it furthers the cause of child survival and development. It produces a double dividend: It benefits both women and children. Womens equal rights and influence in the key decisions that shape their lives and those of children must be enhanced in three distinct arenas: the household, the workplace and the political sphere. Gender equality is not only morally right, it is pivotal to human progress and sustainable development. Furthermore, this will be taking us closer to achieving the Millennium Development Goal Number 3-promoting gender equality and empowering women-will also contribute to achieving all the other goals, from reducing poverty and hunger to saving childrens lives, improving maternal health, ensuring universal education, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Pressure must be maintained on national governments to prioritise the coordination of programmes and policies across sectors such as health, justice, social welfare and education to ensure that the composite needs of survivors of violence are addressed. Of equal importance is scaling up responses that work media campaigns, hotlines, and one-stop crisis centers and so on. Basically, gender based violence limits women as human beings, drains their energy and hope, and constricts the possibilities of creating a new vision of society. Since it includes threats of violence, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private, Violence against women is a violation of womens human rights, a cause and consequence of gender inequality, and a major cause of womens ill health. It is a detriment to their well-being, very often a crime, and a significant cost to the resources of the wider society. As a consequence, there are policy issues across the whole range of subjects that concern governments. These issues are particularly important in the area of crime, health, family, education and economic well-being.